What can managers do to influence/shape culture? 1. Creating a climate for change In terms of creating a climate for change, culture is only effective if it is applied to the relevant area needing change or is tied to some organizational issue. Several of the organizations studied here used internal or external drivers in order to facilitate the culture shift they wanted to see achieved. 2. Leaders as champions Leadership is clearly important in determining the effectiveness of culture change. The leaders of organizations are ‘champions’ of understanding and managing culture in the organization and of rewarding or punishing sub cultures depending on whether they align or not with the corporate culture espoused by the leaders. The influence of leaders in terms of rewarding the sub-culture groups that espouse the dominant beliefs, values and underlying assump...